It might seem like USB-C PD / Fast Charging is indeed putting some additional strain on the battery. I didn't have Battery Health reporting in iOS when using my iPhone 7 Plus, 6S Plus and 6 Plus but I used app "Battery Life" and it seems to be reporting pretty much the same as the built-in Battery Health tool in iOS.
I've had my iPhone X for about 6 moths now. And according to Battery Life and Battery Health in iOS I'm already down to 96%. Compared to my iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6S Plus and iPhone 7 Plus they did not drop below 100% and I switch phone's every year, or actually the iPhone 7 Plus got a few additional months of use due to iPhone X releasing later in the year.
The only real difference in my charging and usage habits is that I use Apple's USB-C 29W charger 99% of the time, as compared to before when I almost always used the Apple 12W charger. It's the same with my wife's phone, she have moved from iPhone 6 to iPhone 6S to iPhone 7 and is now using the iPhone X and her phone's never dropped below 99% and her iPhone X, also about 6 months old is already down to 94% and again the only main difference is us having Apple USB-C 29W chargers through-out our apartment instead of Apple's 12W chargers as we had before.
We also notice that the battery/phone gets much warmer when using the Apple USB-C chargers compared to the Apple 12W charger. And a few times charging just bugged out at around 50% with the phone becoming really warm but without the battery percent getting any higher for like 30 minutes+ until we decided to disconnect the phone, reboot it and plug it back in.
We are eagerly awaiting Apple's AirPower wireless charger. It will charge much slower, but we love the idea of having a single charger that can charge our iPhone, Apple Watch and AirPods all at the same time. But I doubt wireless charging will put less strain on the battery as my experience with wireless charging on Android phone's is that the phone's get even warmer compared to fast-charging. Take the Galaxy S8 for instance, its get rather warm when using fast-charging, but it gets even warmer when using Samsung's wireless charger.