The architecture of A12 currently has a number of things that separates it from standard cortex based ARM cores,
* First of all Apple has a architectural license from ARM that allows them to use the same instruction set and design a completely different architecture from scratch.
* Starting from A11, apple chips can do per core process handling unlike the Snapdragons or Huawei chips.
* Apples chips contain separate Neural Engine and Image processing Engine cores. Cortex A76 cores have a single AI Accelerator core, marked at 4500 Pictures per minute, compare this to 5 Trillion Ops/second of Apple Neural engine.
* Mali G76 GPU even with 12 cores is atleast a Yr or two behind Apples 4 core GPUs, also Apple's GPU Core is their Internal Design and not based on Mali architecture.
* Apples chips are big, the die size of A series chips on average is twice the size of a competing CPU.