In 1986 what was the EEC (prior to ratification of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 and the creation of the EU) signed into legislation the creation of GSM as a mobile communications' standard going forwards. It allowed consumers to switch between carriers and phones easily as they navigated the continent and later, the globe. Thus the EU has been fighting for common standards for consumers for decades. In the UK we have an additional 'PAC' system allowing the transference of a number from one carrier to another, free of charge.
On the opposite side of the pond many networks went with CDMA so the consumer couldn't switch networks even if they wanted to, monopolising their customer's cellular access.
Actually, the US had CDMA and GSM in competition. Given the market and geographic size, as well as user travel habits, it really didn't matter to most users or companies their phones would only work in the US. A bigger issue was pasre coverage outside of major metropolitan areas early on. Japan also used a CDMA variant, IIRC. It made sense Europe decided on a standard, simply due to the political structure. Most European countries are the size of a mid sized US state, and the market would simply not been able to grow if each had their own standard and users would be frustrated when their German phone did not work in Portugal in August. Markets develop differentlt, for example I could roam for free across the US long before I could in the EU. Even now I just use my US phone since I get free data and texting, which means WhatsApp/FaceTime/Skype works for calls and iMessage for texting.
CDMA had an advantage in being more secure due to way it used the spectrum and built in encryption; as well as faster data speeds. Even so, switching carriers was not a CDMA restriction per se, it was the carriers, the only ones selling phones, who kept a database of devices and if your serial was not in it they would not activate it. It could be done, it just was a pain.
Porting has been easy and free in the US for a long time as well. I've gone from Ma Bell to a Baby Bell to Verizon to ATT to TMobile and have the same number I've had for years.
The European market allows equality for participating parties. Image you develop the next disruptive e streaming service. There is nothing that can compete with your service. But if you make money with your service, you need to be present on Smartphones - and here comes the problem: Apple/Google want 30% of every dollar. Remember 30% of the sales price, not 30% of you earnings.
I think many will find that 30% is a much smaller cut than going at it alone; once all the costs currently included in the 30% now need to be paid by the developer. That 30% covers a lot more than just a credit card fee, including, but limited to, storage, bandwidth, worldwide distribution, tax compliance, currency conversion, advertising, etc. Not to mention upfront costs if they decide to host it them selves, for example. All a developer needs is a link on their website to the store, if they have a website. I doubt it will be easier, cheaper, and less stressful dealing with a bunch of stores in various countries, getting paid and converting the payment for a fee, dealing with local tax laws, etc. They may simply eschew markets the App Store now operates in to avoid the problems, leaving some consumers with no choice.
The big players will have no problem because EPIC has the cash to develop an iOS part to their store. I oubt they will be any more developer friendly than Apple. Want to sell stuff for FortNight? Sorry, we like that all the in game sales requires paying us, and only us.
As with any store, they markup the price to make their profit; and don't care how much you earn.
As I’ve said you seam not to get it. The info leaked is not about opening the App Store. As per the info seams to be able to be as closed as it is like any other regular digital store.
Regarding the participants in the open communication infrastructure, the info seams to be targeting only the non Neutral vertical integration between the user ability to install and use digital end points in their devices (Apps) considering the rise of App Stores. Giving Apple and others participants in the EU communication infrastructure the same policies for business integration. Microsoft and other all went through this.
Apple business could be in many ways because of these principles set upon other businesses.
It’s not about revenue or business size. Don’t know how to explain it better.
We seem to be talking across each other. Never said the App Store would be forced to be open.
My point is the legislative proposals specifically call out revenue and user base size as far as applicability. It's not aimed at Apple per se, just that they are one company big enough to fall under its purview. If it wasn't about business size or revenue then they would not have specified it in the law. Note: There are several pieces of legislation that have been intertwined in the discussion, I am referring to one that does call out size and revenue; others may not be as explicit.
A company could still build a proprietary protocol as long as they do not get too big.