PWM on OLED is even worse. It's going to be fun watching people complain when those OLED displays hit if they complain about PWM of the current screens.
*** Wikipedia Disambiguation Required ***
Yes and No.
It depends on the OLED. There's various technological nuances where some OLEDs flicker more than LCDs, while other OLEDs flicker less than LCDs. There are many causes of flicker (whether from the backlight itself, the local dimming itself, pixel transition logic, voltage inversion algorithm logic, VRR gamma-compensation logic, GtG pixel decay between refresh cycle scanouts, etc)
The 240Hz+ OLEDs have much less PWM than FALD LCDs.
The 27" 480Hz OLED monitor has less flickerdepth than most FALD LCDs (including M1-M4), since PWM is the method of local dimming as it's more linear response than DC dimming due to the sheer number of local dimming zones.
The desktop-based OLED (not iPhone OLED) pixels use DC dimming on a per pixel basis, with only one tiny <5% brightness dip per refresh-cycle pixel reset pass, which is less than the flickerdepth of an incandescent light bulb during AC zero crossing events.
Different OLEDs use PWM-driven brightness dimming, including certain iPhones and Androids at different brightness settings. However, not all OLEDs use PWM for brightness dimming. Some of them have ginormous bit depth (>12bit) to the point where they can use DC dimming instead of PWM dimming.
While there are those with increased eyestrains on certain OLEDs and certain LCDs for some, it varies quite a lot. For many people, OLEDs also decrease eyestrain, as long as you fix the text-rendering issue (e.g. greyscale instead of ClearType etc) and have enough PPI.
Unfortunately the genuine research is clouded by a lot of noise by anecdotes, that overwhelm the science, due to the wide gamut of different flickers on different types of OLEDs, AMOLEDs, QDOLEDs, WOLEDs, PHOLEDs, etc.
TL;DR: A modern 480Hz OLED has less flickerdepth than an incandescent light bulb. Most eyestrain on OLED was traced to other causes. While PWM is a definite cause of eyestrain, it's also a common accidental wild goose chase to a red herring, since there are currently over 100+ different sources of eyestrain on a modern display.
In some laboratory experiments, trying to solve the flicker didn't solve OLED problems for 100% of test subjects (in fact, it only helped <10% because modern 480Hz OLEDs flicker so little now), but found some were affected by color gamut problems (e.g. blue light) or glossy reflections (e.g. no antiglare), or other cause that are not always easy to diagnose without doing dozens of blind tests for the >100+ different causes of eyestrains/nauseas/headaches that certain displays can create for different people. It's harder to diagnose than "Grandma said she get motion sick at the movies", because sometimes it is traced to unexpected causes other than the ones they formerly assumed due to specific groups parrotting only a tiny subset of the 100+ causes.
In a world where >90-99% of population do not get eyestrain from a specific screen, concurrently diagnosing 100 different sub-1-to-10% causes of eyestrains is ginormously tough, given screens are imperfect windows of real life. When PWM frequencies started to go beyond >1-2KHz, other causes of eyestrains became dominant. There's a lighting industry research paper that shows humans could see 1-5KHz PWM (
page 6), so obviously, this is all genuine. However, it is often misdiagnosed too.
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(Blind test in paper at lrc.rpi.edu)
It varies from "I can't see it" to "I see it but I don't get bothered" to "It bothers me only slightly" to "I seem to be getting nausea or headache" to "I get health issues".
Although flicker fusion doesn't go as high (e.g. 70-85Hz), the stroboscopic effect goes beyond. Stroboscopic effects, a known trigger, can be simply like a phantom array effect; and phantom arrays can trigger people (e.g. finite refresh rate triggers a motion sickness in a small fraction of people). A finite frequency (whether a Hz, a PWM, a framerate, a refreshrate, etc) can create stroboscopics, such as:
(Although this is a refreshrate-based stroboscopic on a 480Hz display test, other finite frequencies do produce stroboscopics -- including things like backlight PWM. The effect can be similar, e.g. stroboscopic effect that creates motion sickness or nausea or headaches or eyestrain, depending on human)
Display manufacturers try to add ergonomic features, like Low Blue Light and PWM frequency adjustments (in cases where PWM cannot be removed for technological-limitation reasons within a screen budget). Doing 1000-zone local dimming in a $500 screen while having linear brightness response, is quite expensive electronics-component-wise, and DC-dimming per zone requires more driving electronics per local dimming zone than PWM-dimming per zone. DC-dimmed zone FALD's cost more than 5x to manufacture than PWM-dimmed zone FALDs, sadly.
However, a lot of the longtime techgeek population keeps assuming PWM was the cause, despite it being now <10% the cause now. There are event accidental cross-pollinated misdiagnoses, where a person is getting genuine eyestrain from an iPhone (because of PWM) and genuine eyestrain from a desktop 240Hz+ DC-dimmed WOLED (but NOT because of PWM), causing the person to stubbornly assume it's PWM.
With various adjustments of the variables, PWM (while it is correctly sometimes is) is no longer the dominant cause of eyestrain on most modern FALD/OLED screens. (It can be, but it's now more often an accidental assumption)
Even the color primaries of a specific human varies by single nanometers, and CIE 1931 is just a mere population-averaged "One Size Fits All" boilerplate. That's in a world where ~12% (stats vary) of humans are colorblind (aka their color primaries aberrate significantly away from the norm, or missing color channels, etc). Tough decisions has to be made about display performance, quality, cost, etc on their pros/cons.
It's super tough to address when certain manufacturers choose to reduced a $10,000 supercomputer display (IBM-T221 first 4K LCD in year 2001) into a mere $200 Walmart special (your cheap 4K TV etc), sometimes...
Source: I work for display manufacturers, and am cited in over 30+ peer reviewed papers