If they don't find wreckage in the southern Indian Ocean soon -as in the next three or four weeks, I think it highly likely that (assuming the plane went down there) we will never know what happened to it.
The Flight Data recorders are fitted with acoustical "pingers" that help search teams recover them from the ocean depths. However these pingers only have sufficient power to operate for 30-60 days. And the sound signals they emit are relatively low-powered, meaning search teams have to be relatively close (ie. with ten to twenty nautical miles) to locate them.
Every day that goes by increases the radius they would have to search if they do discover wreckage. And without an approximate location to start looking in, the task of finding debris and data recorders becomes pretty much impossible.
The ocean depths in the southern Indian Ocean west of Australia are immense: upwards of 10,000 feet. The sea state (ie. height of waves and wind) is incredibly violent. And unlike locating historical shipwrecks (The Titanic or Bismarck for example) aircraft break up into relatively tiny chunks of aluminum and alloy, which are much, much harder for side-scanning sonar and Magnetic Anomaly Detectors to locate.