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Sun Baked said:
You are missing the actual design criteria for the 970FX which is the Maximum Power Dissipation (about 100-110W @ 2.5GHz).

Where is there maximum power dissipation figures for the 970FX? You keep stating those numbers but I have yet to find references to them.

Your essentially stating that the maximum power dissipation for the 970FX is 1.51-1.66 per mm2. Compare that to the maximum of 1.13 watts per mm2 for Prescott. Considering that IBM estimates the SPECint score for a 2GHz 970FX is 890 and a P4 hits 884 at 2.26GHz, according to Intel, then the 970FX is working much harder per MM2 than Prescott, while achieving less output. The 970FX achieves 1100 at SPECfp, according to IBM estimates and that compares favorably to a 3.06GHz P4 that has a score of 1077.

IBM SPEC score estimates should improve greatly per MHz for the POWER5 derived PowerPC. IBM has found that the POWER5 is routinely performing 40% faster than POWER4 due to the addition of SMT. It's also likely that this POWER5 derived PowerPC chip will have double the L2 of the 970FX and that should give an additional 10-15% speed improvement per MHz. The downside of the POWER5 compared to the POWER4 is that it has a 25% bigger die size from adding SMT and it also seems to use 25% more watts.
 
Phinius said:
Your essentially stating that the maximum power dissipation for the 970FX is 1.51-1.66 per mm2. Compare that to the maximum of 1.13 watts per mm2 for Prescott. Considering that IBM estimates the SPECint score for a 2GHz 970FX is 890 and a P4 hits 884 at 2.26GHz, according to Intel, then the 970FX is working much harder per MM2 than Prescott, while achieving less output. The 970FX achieves 1100 at SPECfp, according to IBM estimates and that compares favorably to a 3.06GHz P4 that has a score of 1077.

I guess IBM should have kept the die size the same while switching to 90nm if folks want to do the math like the above... who cares if they can get almost 4x as many 970FX out of the same wafer then they could before.

If you are talking about a 2.5GHz 970FX you should scale those numbers... so around 1110 SPECint / 1370 SPECfp.
 
Phinius said:
Where is there maximum power dissipation figures for the 970FX? You keep stating those numbers but I have yet to find references to them.
It's a guess, based on some of the numbers that have leaked out -- some a bit above/some below twice the Typical number for other versions of the PPC970.

So basically twice the Typical is a ballpark guess which places you a lot closer to the true Power Usage at 2.5GHz than the Typical number.

The Typical number is closer to what we'd be using if we were using the CPUs in the slewed operation -- and nobody would be happy with 1.3GHz G5's if we stuck at the output of the Typical numbers.
 
970FX average power use references

At the International Solid State Conference (ISSCC) an IBM spokesperson stated an average of 50 watts power use for the 970FX running at 2.5GHz.

http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/02/16/hnpowerdown_1.html

It was also revealed, in the above link, that the POWER5 using an average 160 watts running at 1.8GHz. Contrast that with the POWER4 using an average of 125 watts. Since the POWER4 derived 970FX and the upcoming POWER5 derived 9XX PowerPC chip are both expected to top out at 3GHz, then the POWER5 derived PowerPC chip will likely use 25-30% more watts per MHz than the 970FX.

At least two people on this forum claim that the maximum power use of the 2.5GHz 970FX is double the 50 watts average power use IBM mentions, or 100-110 watts. In which case bumping the frequency up another 20% to 3GHz should achieve a maximum watt use of roughly 125-132 watts. Moving to the POWER5 core version would move that up another 25-30%, or a maximum of 156-171 watts, if the doubling of average power use is to be believed. Since the average power use of Prescott is 103 watts and the maximum is 23% higher at 127 watts, I tend to believe that the doubling of average power to arrive at the maximum watt usage for the 970FX is probably incorrect. It's more likely that the maximum power use for the 970FX is arrived at by multiplying a figure closer to the 23% average to maximum power use for Prescott.
 
shawnce said:
If you are talking about a 2.5GHz 970FX you should scale those numbers... so around 1110 SPECint / 1370 SPECfp.

SPEC has posted P4 3.4GHz, 1MB L2 cache, scores of 1432 for SPECint and 1481 for SPECfp. Which means that for a maximum watt usage of 27% more than the 2.5GHz 970FX, Prescott has a 29% higher SPECint score and a 8% greater SPECfp posting. So again, if a doubling of average watt usage to achieve maximum watt use for the 970FX is to be believed, then the 970 is about as wasteful of watts per output as Prescott. I find that hard to believe since Prescott should be less efficient at a 36% higher frequency than the 970FX, plus the 970FX is made with a silicon-on-insulator coating (SOI), which should cut down on power usage.
 
Phinius said:
I tend to believe that the doubling of average power to arrive at the maximum watt usage for the 970FX is probably incorrect. It's more likely that the maximum power use for the 970FX is arrived at by multiplying a figure closer to the 23% average to maximum power use for Prescott.
Quick, you better call Apple and tell them their engineers are all idiots and deserve to be fired, because you have the correct numbers for the 970FX at 2.0GHz...

attachment.php


And the rest of us are wrong because we think the 970FX has a Maximum Power Dissipation of 50-55W at 2.0GHz
 
25% increase in frequency doubles the power use?

Sun Baked said:
Quick, you better call Apple and tell them their engineers are all idiots and deserve to be fired, because you have the correct numbers for the 970FX at 2.0GHz...

attachment.php


And the rest of us are wrong because we think the 970FX has a Maximum Power Dissipation of 50-55W at 2.0GHz

Then the 2GHz 970FX uses a maximum of 50-55 watts, according to Apple, with a average watt use of half that at 25-27.5 watts according to your calculations. The 25% higher frequency 2.5GHz 970FX uses an average of 50 watts ,according to IBM, and a maximum of 100-110 watts according to the doubling of average watt use formula. So, that's a 1-to-4 ratio for percent of frequency increase to percent for maximum or average power use increase. Then a 20% boost to 3GHz should produce a maximum of close to 200 watts, according to the 25% higher frequency produces a doubling of watt usage formula above. Then, if the POWER5 based core PowerPC chip uses an average of 25% more watts than a 3GHz 970FX chip at the same MHz, then it should use a maximum of 400 watts and an average of 200 watts according to your method of deriving at maximum power usage.

That proves it. Your right and I am definitely wrong.
 
Phinius said:
The 25% higher frequency 2.5GHz 970FX uses an average of 50 watts ,according to IBM, and a maximum of 100-110 watts according to the doubling of average watt use formula.
What shows that the 2.5GHz 970FX runs at a 50W average. You have a document from IBM?
 
Phinius said:
Then the 2GHz 970FX uses a maximum of 50-55 watts, according to Apple, with a average watt use of half that at 25-27.5 watts according to your calculations.
Note IBM's own quick reference guide lists the 970FX with a typical power usage of 24.5W @ 2GHz.
 
No NECC rumors?

How come I'm not seeing anything about the National Educational Computing Conference? NECC kicks off tomorrow... Apple has a huge presence there. The booth is the largest on the floor, and all the booths surrounding it are Apple companies or Apple friendlies. Apple has a whole site for NECC http://www.apple.com/education/necc/
 
Phinius said:
SPEC has posted P4 3.4GHz, 1MB L2 cache, scores of 1432 for SPECint and 1481 for SPECfp. Which means that for a maximum watt usage of 27% more than the 2.5GHz 970FX, Prescott has a 29% higher SPECint score and a 8% greater SPECfp posting.

I think your math is off unless I am missing something (assuming you used my numbers and the ones you listed).

So lets say...
970FX @ 2.5GHz does 1100 on SPECint and 1340 on SPECfp
P4 @ 3.4GHz does 1432 on SPECint and 1481 on SPECfp

P4 is 30% faster on integer math and 10.5% faster on floating point (as a side note the clock rate difference is 36%). I cannot check your math on power difference because I don't know what numbers you used.

Anyway if you want to do this comparison (not that I agree fully with its merits) you should normalize using power to make things easier. Since I don't know the power numbers you used lets just say the 970FX uses 1 unit of power and P4 uses 1.27 units of power (27% more). Using these numbers divide the SPEC scores by the units of power and you get...

SPECint: P4 1127.6 & 970FX 1100 -> P4 does 2.5% better int math per unit power.
SPECfp: P4 1166 & 970FX 1340 -> 970FX does 15% better fp math per unit power.

So I don't think the numbers above fully support your statement: So again, if a doubling of average watt usage to achieve maximum watt use for the 970FX is to be believed, then the 970 is about as wasteful of watts per output as Prescott..

It is very hard to do useful comparisons between differing CPU architectures (note the P4 has a double pumped ALU and 970/FX has an additional FPU and those are likely the core sources of the differences in the base SPEC scores).

Anyway doubling the typical power isn't always correct but it allows one to ball park things and it roughly jives with typical to max power deltas seen in IBMs specs. You can however totally ignore the max numbers and not do the doubling like I did in my posts, it won't change the results it will just cut all of them in half.

Also note typical/max numbers from one vendor can be calculated/measured in totally different ways, to such a degree that direct comparison is often not useful. You really need the detailed thermal/power specs to make a good comparison.

Again to bad IBM doesn't list consistent and complete specifications for their CPUs publicly (I prefer to use spec sheets or quick reference guides over any thing said to a reporter or as seen in marketing slides).
 
I located a IBM PDF file on the 970FX

shawnce said:
Note IBM's own quick reference guide lists the 970FX with a typical power usage of 24.5W @ 2GHz.

I ran across a PDF file in IBM's technical library that does list the 2GHz 970FX at an average watt usage of 24.5 watts. Comparing that to the maximum 55 watts that Apple states is a doubling of power use. So that shows that I am wrong there. But, if the frequency is increased by 25% to 2.5GHz, then the average power use should rise to ~30 watts, and a doubling of that would be ~60 watts and not 100-110 watts. That would be a maximum of .909 watts per mm^2 compared to 1.133 watts per mm^2 for the 3.4GHz Pentium 4 Prescott. If there is a 2.5GHz 970FX now in production by IBM, with an average of 50 watts, then it might very well be a overclocked version intended only for Apple's use.
 
The math is way off...

shawnce said:
I think your math is off unless I am missing something (assuming you used my numbers and the ones you listed).

Since it's very unlikely that the 970FX doubles the average amount of power use going from 2GHz to 2.5GHz or goes from a maximum of 55 watts at 2GHz to 110 watts at 2.5GHz, then my conclusions are wrong. It's more likely that the 2.5GHz 970FX uses closer to 25% more watts than the 2GHz, rather than a doubling from 24.5 to 50 watts. There is a 50% increase in frequency going from 2GHz to 3GHz, and if that also increases the maximum power use listed by Apple for the 2GHz 970FX by 50%, then the maximum for a 3GHz 970FX would be about 82 watts. Which is about 65% of the 127 watt maximum use for the 3.4GHz P4 Prescott processor. That sounds more realistic.
 
Phinius said:
Since it's very unlikely that the 970FX doubles the average amount of power use going from 2GHz to 2.5GHz or goes from a maximum of 55 watts at 2GHz to 110 watts at 2.5GHz, then my conclusions are wrong. It's more likely that the 2.5GHz 970FX uses closer to 25% more watts than the 2GHz, rather than a doubling from 24.5 to 50 watts.
Hmmm...

Maybe you'll believe this source as to the accuracy of the 50W Typical Dissipation for the 2.5GHz 970FX.

Since you don't really trust anyone else... :rolleyes:
Phinius said:
At the International Solid State Conference (ISSCC) an IBM spokesperson stated an average of 50 watts power use for the 970FX running at 2.5GHz.

http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/02/16/hnpowerdown_1.html
 
I don't know about you guys, but

I'm pretty sick of my computer that heats up this room in the summer, bear in mind this is the basement, and it is plenty cool without the computers, add a G5 and an undervolted athlon (mobile version), this room is on average 4 degrees warmer than the other rooms. How much power can future chips and computer in general dish out before we say "too much" ? I'm not sure how much your electricity bills are, but mine are something around 90 dollars a month, I use all flourescent light bulbs, leave no lights on behind, etc... I remember my first computer (still working), that thing ran cool, never produced more heat than a small desktop stereo system. With all of today's advanced manufactoring technologies such as SOI, strained silicon and low-K, why are there no processors that perform well AND consume very little ?
 
Maxx Power said:
why are there no processors that perform well AND consume very little ?

There are plenty of processors that perform well and don't consume much power. The Pentium M processors perform well considering their thermal output.. as do G4s (as long as they aren't pushed too far in clock speed). Transmeta chips run extremely cool compared to other contemporary processors at similar clock speeds. Heck, Durons perform very well and they are quite cool.. I built a 1.8GHz duron system into a Mac IIci case and it hardly generates any heat at all. My Duron runs as a game server.. I can run a dedicated BattleField Vietnam server and a dedicated Unreal 2004 server at the same time and the machine doesn't break a sweat.

I think the problem is, you are looking for cutting edge performance not a processor that performs well at a reasonable performance level. CPU performance is like anything else.. when you push to the top levels, you push everything else up geometrically. Look at cooling requirements.. Overclockers move from good Aluminum coolers to Big copper coolers as they push the cpu. To go higher, you start monkeying with the core voltage and you start requiring more exotic cooling like liquid systems, compressor systems.. and then you'll even see people putting towers of liquid nitrogen on the cpu to push it even farther.
 
Not Entirely

ffakr said:
There are plenty of processors that perform well and don't consume much power. The Pentium M processors perform well considering their thermal output.. as do G4s (as long as they aren't pushed too far in clock speed). Transmeta chips run extremely cool compared to other contemporary processors at similar clock speeds. Heck, Durons perform very well and they are quite cool.. I built a 1.8GHz duron system into a Mac IIci case and it hardly generates any heat at all. My Duron runs as a game server.. I can run a dedicated BattleField Vietnam server and a dedicated Unreal 2004 server at the same time and the machine doesn't break a sweat.

I think the problem is, you are looking for cutting edge performance not a processor that performs well at a reasonable performance level. CPU performance is like anything else.. when you push to the top levels, you push everything else up geometrically. Look at cooling requirements.. Overclockers move from good Aluminum coolers to Big copper coolers as they push the cpu. To go higher, you start monkeying with the core voltage and you start requiring more exotic cooling like liquid systems, compressor systems.. and then you'll even see people putting towers of liquid nitrogen on the cpu to push it even farther.

Problems with suggested processors:
Pentium M's have few motherboard supports on the desktop side, and if speeds ramped to 1.7+ Ghz, you are talking about 27+ watts of power consumption, a PPC970FX consumes about that at 2 Ghz, hardly is the Pentium M designed for power savings.

G4's have severe problems reaching faster processor speeds, and is a poor general purpose processor as the floating point unit is worse than that of the P4's. This chip is originally designed to be a signal processor for companies like Cisco, who is the dominant purchaser of this processor. They generate significant amount of heat per unit performance compared to the already toasty Athlon's (there are 45 and 35 Watt versions avaliable)

Transmetas is more of an exotic cpu, with low power consumptions but poor performance, even for a non-cutting edge chip. Once again, there is no avaliable motherboard for this chip on the desktop side (imagine a dualie with transmetas!)

Durons consume enough power that I wouldn't call them power-saving. They are basiclly Athlon's with some L2 chopped off (and L2 doesn't consume much power at all).

In response to what you speculated that I desired, why can't there be, say a Pentium M or G4 manufactured on SOI, Low-K and Strained, with chip taken from the center of the wafer, ran on sub 1 volt core voltage, and passively cooled ? Besides the fact that corporate air-heads don't think its worth the effort, I don't think there is any other real challenge to this. The day that happens, I won't feel as guilty being part of a society that consumes 90% of the earth's resources and gives back so little.
 
Maxx Power said:
Problems with suggested processors:
Pentium M's have few motherboard supports on the desktop side, and if speeds ramped to 1.7+ Ghz, you are talking about 27+ watts of power consumption, a PPC970FX consumes about that at 2 Ghz, hardly is the Pentium M designed for power savings.
You're still asking for too much though. You ask why you can't get a processor that "performs well" but you are talking 2GHz PPC 970 and 1.7+ GHz Pentium M's. Your metric of "performs well" is basically the same as 'close to the top of the current performance ladder'.
What you are really asking is, why can't I get a spotlight that uses the power of a nightlight? I would think the answer is obvious.
G4's have severe problems reaching faster processor speeds, and is a poor general purpose processor as the floating point unit is worse than that of the P4's.
By what metric is the G4 a worse performing floating point processor than a P4? On overall performance, perhaps the best metric.. yets a 3+ GHz P4 is a faster floating point processor than a 1.5 GHz G4. Does the G4 have better performance per clock? I believe it does. More in a second..
This chip is originally designed to be a signal processor for companies like Cisco, who is the dominant purchaser of this processor. They generate significant amount of heat per unit performance compared to the already toasty Athlon's (there are 45 and 35 Watt versions avaliable)
This isn't true. Apple had a significant amount of input into the G4 design. Apple was presented with two divergent roadmaps for PPC design, one in which IBM promised high frequency processors and one in which Moto promised a robust vector engine. IBM figured their work on their proposed processor would be useful in other areas of their PPC research, and Motorola also figured that the markets they were also targeting would benefit from a fast vector engine.
I think it's unfair to say that the G4 was designed for the embedded market and NOT for Apple. The G4 was designed for Apple with the full knowledge that it would fit into certain embedded markets well. The problem for us Mac users is that Moto decided down the road that they didn't care all that much about desktop performance and they made deliberate design choices to make the G4 a better embedded processor to the detrement of it's performance in the desktop space. One of these choices was to design for low power consumption OVER all out performance (making it the perfect chip for what you are looking for). A PPC 7457 @ 867MHz runs is rated at ~ 8 typical / 11 max watts and at 1 GHz it's rated at 15 typical / 21 max watts. That's not bad for a processor that will easily run productivity apps, run movies.. do a lot of common computing tasks. I'm running a Quicksilver 867MHz and I'm at a loss for any compelling reason to ask for an upgrade. The machine (with enough memory and a Radeon 9000) does just about anything I need it to do and it will play all but the most intensive video games.
Transmetas is more of an exotic cpu, with low power consumptions but poor performance, even for a non-cutting edge chip. Once again, there is no avaliable motherboard for this chip on the desktop side (imagine a dualie with transmetas!)
Again, you haven't given us any guidance on what you expect out of a processor that runs "well". Transmeta's, last time I checked, did a decent job of keeping up with P3s at roughly the same clock and a 1+ GHz processor is decent performing by my measure.. especially considering how little heat they put out.
Durons consume enough power that I wouldn't call them power-saving. They are basiclly Athlon's with some L2 chopped off (and L2 doesn't consume much power at all).
True, a duron is just a cut down athlon, but I've owned a few over the years and they always draw appreciably less current than their big brothers. I say this annecdotally based on the amount of waste heat they put out and how slow they run the fans in my variable speed power supplies. My Athlon machine always spins a 300W Antec up full speed and my current gaming server (a 1.8 GHz Duron with a 300W Antec.. in a Mac IIsi case.. barely spins the power supply fan and it generates very little heat in the case.
In response to what you speculated that I desired, why can't there be, say a Pentium M or G4 manufactured on SOI, Low-K and Strained, with chip taken from the center of the wafer, ran on sub 1 volt core voltage, and passively cooled ? Besides the fact that corporate air-heads don't think its worth the effort, I don't think there is any other real challenge to this. The day that happens, I won't feel as guilty being part of a society that consumes 90% of the earth's resources and gives back so little.
because the companies that make those ships don't have all of those technologies. I believe that IBM is the only company that is currently using Low-K, SOI, AND strained silicon in the same fabrication process. Also, what you are asking for is a very selective sort. It would mean the chip would command a high price, at which point you'd probably be lamenting about how the corporate air-heads don't know which side is up becaue they want a fortune for your sub 1 volt, 2 GHz sub 10 watt processor.
 
I wonder how Apple could use liquid cooling technology on a 1U xServer? Maybe they might have to implent a 4 way-4U server (maybe 3U). That will be the quad macs people have been speculating.
 
To Ffakr

Quotes are getting long, I'm skipping them and going to the point instead.

1) I'm not asking for either 1.7+ GHZ Pentium M's or PPC970FX at 2.0 GHZ, i'm simply constructing a situation where Pendium M, a chip we know by intel marketing that should be a low power chip, isn't.

Also, spotlight that uses the power of a nightlight is oversimplifying my statements. A correct analogy would be a desklamp that uses the power of a nightlight, or a flashlight that uses the power of an LED, both of which are now possible thanks to LED (which by the way, was held back by massive marketing funds poured into the old fashions of lighting, and is only now seeing light, i bought my first LED flashlight on Ebay 4.5 years back).

2) By PURE floating point unit (FPU) comparison. For a glimpse of what i said here, refer to http://arstechnica.com/cpu/01q4/p4andg4e2/p4andg4e2-3.html
Understand that by design, the G4, and G4e were never meant to crunch floating points.
If you quote me numbers on crunching filters in Photoshop, please stop. Even adobe is sick of apple's distortion field and I believe back a while there was a link on this very website that shows adobe pointint out that a 3.0 Ghz P4 with hyperthreading is faster than a dual 1.42 MDD.
However, marketing arguments aside, the numbers posted at SPEC.org and the following tests using photoshop http://www.digitalvideoediting.com/2002/07_jul/features/cw_macvspc2.htm
both support my theory that the G4 is overhyped and underperforming.

3) But of course Apple would have significant inputs to the G4 design. After all, Apple is the Second biggest purchaser of these processors in volume. You'd think if apple had significant inputs actively and proactively (telling them what to do, and moto would oversee what might be needed and modify the cpu design), then the biggest buyer must have had even bigger inputs. If you go to moto's website, you'll see that these processors are shown and listed http://e-www.motorola.com/webapp/sps/site/taxonomy.jsp?nodeId=03C1TR04670871
is described by the manufacturor to be embedded use. Just look at the fact that Moto is in no way appears to be pressured by Apple when apple demanded faster clock speeds shows that they are happy with the processor because it is selling well to the primary customer - Cisco and subsidiaries.
If the manufacture of these CPU's categorize them as embedded, then I guess whether they intended to or not design this for embedded, it is by definition an embedded, this, of course, offers indirect evidence of what i said about these processors are designed for. Either way, the means aside, the ends are the same.

You mention of the fact you are able to play games with your system. But of course! Only that games run the way they are on newer systems to stimulate the hardware industry. Now, I don't support that bit, I don't think the market should be a closed loop system where purchasing something should entice you to purchase another object in a closed-loop fashion, it almost sounds like scam. There is no reason why new games can't be optimized to run as good as the previous gen, at the same time offer new things. But getting back to the point, a G5 1.6 Ghz with a ATI Radeon 9600 pro can only struggle out 20+ fps in UT2004 (i guess this would be a hardcore game, so this doesn't go toward your statement, i'm just making mention of this anyway) at ANY reasonable resolution and settings. This is because the frame rate is limited by the CPU, not the GPU. The CPU on this particular mac has to process all game AI, network, AND mix sound streams. Translation, this particular Mac lacks hardware ethernet and hardware sound. This has been the case for as long as I looked at the problem and is continuing.

I agree with you that your 800+ Mhz processor is fast enough to deal with most situations. What would be even better is if you had a 1.6 Ghz, then have some kind of speed-step (my fav) technology on it, so you can run it at 500 mhz for DVD's, or 1.6 for encoding, or 100 mhz to leave the computer on over night to download something, there is no reason either why that should not happen. I was happy with my previous pIII laptop that had this feature, you could program it to run at any frequency and bus frequency (almost any), and shut down parts of the CPU when not in use (optimizations, mostly). I guess its because most northamericans are wasteful, so the similar situation happens in cars as well. We all know the in new cars the cylinders fire using computer programmed timed-detonation. With a simple programming, you can set up so that you V8 skips injection and detonation of every second cylinder, hence effectively a V4, or better yet, you can go further, and bring it down to a V2. You won't haul with that, but in idle, who needs all 8 to be firing ? In everyday city driving, on average, firing 6 to 5 cylinders is sufficient, this brings down gas consumption and emissions, and it requireds very very minimal change to the current engines, but like i said earlier, the corporate air-heads would make you believe this CAn't be done through their awesome power of the marketing. We all know the vehicle industry doesn't try to improve anything unless a huge demand is on them, just go read http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_404.html and Ralph Nader's book from the 1970's i believe called "Unsafe At Any Speed" and know that the president of GM at the time had to publicly apologize to Nader for harassing him and spreading untrue rumours...

4) My performance measure is something that will run everything I run now. My REAL performance measure is having a new generation of chip that performs better than previous at the same clock speed AND consumes less power. That would be a win-win situation.

5) I personally don't find earlier durons to consume much power, they were quite a bit better, I haven't used a duron since then.

6) Corporate cross-licensing is possible. Costing a bit more is nothing compared to the devastation of the environment. Can 500 dollars U.S. buy you back the rain forest ? Can your precious money buy you clean oceans ? This just goes to show the typical ignoranc attitude among our communities. And being part of the corporate externalizing, money rolling machine, the corporate goons have one real reason for anything they refuse to do - it will cost them some money. How much more can such chips be ? Manufacturing processes have matured since the first days of CPU's and bigger wafers reduced the cost per chip, and yet, these CPU's still cost anywhere in the few hundreds in the retail markets. Where did all the money saved go ? Obviously it went to profit instead of seeing the light of the day with the customers. Just look at the CD situation, cd's used to cost a bit to produce, but now they literally costs pennies a CD to be printed, and still, they prices are same as years ago, hovering around 20 dolllars a CD. The actual manufacturing price of a chip with multiple advanced technologies isn't expensive, it's just that when you add margins like the backfat of a pig, any lean meat is turned into bacon.
 
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