Law enforcement agencies still need to get court warrants before they can conduct this kind of surveillance, so it is not like our constitutional rights are being violated.
You are correct. After a warrant is issued from a local judge, these devices are loaded with typically the IMEI number of a cell phone a suspect is known to have in their person in regular use.
The DRT box then flies over a metropolitan area to find this IMEI number. While the diagram shows a small single engine plane, many police helicopters can have this equipment.
When a match is found, the cell phone is triangulated on via the nearby towers and a GPS location is generated. Then the Barney's on the ground get the APB's and description.
However, what they say about them vs. effectiveness is an issue. Triangulating in an urban canyon is not that accurate and many kingpins go through cell phones like tissue paper to avoid this very situation.
Wonder if there have been situations where Barney found the phone but it was a used one sold to someone else with no idea of the previous owner history. There are many iPhones out there with third and forth owners now.