Under Scully, Apple almost went belly up. I wonder why the different successes now as opposed to the mid to late 90s. Similar fragmentation, different results it would seem.
To give some credit to the Apple management during Jobs' interregnum (Scully and the others), at least they left Jobs with an Apple
to save. That was the period when every other non-PC-clone platform
did go belly up (or switch to PC clones) and the Wintel monopoly was at its peak. PCs were becoming capable of doing DTP/Graphics, and if they weren't as good as Mac that was balanced by the huge economies of scale and bangs-per-buck.
To Apple's credit, you've got the successful 68k-to-PPC switch and the successful PowerBook range (a.k.a. the birth of the modern laptop). The Newton
could have been huge (technology wasn't quite ready, plus that darned Doonesbury cartoon...) and, of course, the investment in ARM that went with that kinda paid dividends down the road...
However, they were still mainly reliant on the Mac as their main source of income, and with that getting hosed by the PC, everything was going to suffer. The somewhat pants nature of the Performa Macs etc. may have been a symptom rather than the disease - fragmentation is a luxury you can afford if you're profitable.
I think a bit too much emphasis gets placed on the "fragmentation" issue, and on Jobs saving the day with his famous (and management course PowerPoint-friendly) product matrix - because the
next thing he did was to go off on a total tangent with a
personal music player, of all things. That was such a stupid and hypocritical move that it made the company a zillion dollars, paved the ground for the iPhone and iPad, raised the profile of the Mac and gave the company a whole other financial leg to stand on.
Jobs' return coincided with the popular rise of the Internet - which the iMac, and later iTunes, capitalised on. The Internet also did a lot to promote open standards over MS/Wintel proprietary ones, which started some cracks in the Wintel monopoly - and when the mobile market took off (aided by Jobs) it really hammered a wedge into those cracks. Today, Wintel is still dominant, but there are
far more alternatives and open standards in popular use now than there were back in the 90s.
Current fragmentation in the Mac range is, I think, more down to Mac being lower in the pecking order for R&D than the strict, annual iPhone upgrade (because that's where the money is). So, less popular models go far too long without updates. In the case of the iPhone, it's Apple's policy of using last year's mid-range model as this year's entry model, rinse and repeat: personally I hate that, and think it's making Apple too reliant on the very top end of the market, but then they seem to be doing OK on it, and I don't buy iPhones anyway, so...
But, reality check, go visit Dell, HP or Samsung's website to see what
real fragmentation looks like. Apple are nowhere near that.
I hope they also lower fees for app store businesses. Its sad to see the developers loose 30 or even 15 percent of the hours and investments they use to build code.
In business, you don't get to sell
anything in quantity
anywhere and keep the cash without paying for promotion, discounts to distributors/retailers, payment processing, running and maintaining servers etc. that can cope with surge demand.
30%, let alone 15%, is an absolute
bargain for placement in one of the biggest online catalogues, huge download bandwidth, order management and payment processing. It offers a huge leg-up to the "little guy" who doesn't already have the infrastructure to do it. The cheerleaders against the App Store are the big players who want you to applaud while they pull their ladders up after them.
There
is a concern with the App Store - it has the potential for anticompetitive behaviour by Apple if they reject apps that compete with their own - which certainly calls for vigilance, but is nothing to do with the fees.