Yeah I’ve always found that kind of odd. 3G wasn’t exactly new at the time and many models in the dumb phone competition had it basically just for video calls. The iPhone obviously could have made use of it more so than any other phone, but didn’t.
I’m sure there’s a story for this omission.
Whilst it was a bit odd, Apple took such a different approach to the incumbents that it kind of made sense. And they still do it today.
For example, the camera pixel count was less as well, so on paper for many a worse camera. Yet in practice it was better as the pixels weren't just larger, they were also better spaced. So from technical implementation, it was better, and from an end-user experience it was also better.
With regards to Edge. Yes, 3G was around in those days, and as you highlight mainly utilised in the domain of proprietary video calls. Which let us face it wasn't great and didn't become truly popular until facetime which then lifted that whole market up to mainstream and subsequently many other players entered it.
Even 3G data speeds weren't that great yet, and the networks patchy (in the UK where I lived just outside London). The big play there was html5 applications and edge was absolutely fine with those. The other big 'cry' was no flash support, anyone remembers that? That was truly awful.
Today the networks are mature, big data contracts are cheap and plentiful. That was just not the case in those days. And even today, there is patchy support for 5G, yet the implementation of 4G which allows me to bond automatically multiple streams is much faster as it is actually a network that is available and doesn't require additional implementations. The limitations are the sites themselves, not the network, nor the bandwidth using that method. That is not to say that I won't move to 5G when it is widely available.
The Apple way is to use those techniques and do them better, better for the consumer. Not better for those comparing dry specifications on a piece of paper. Better for those who are using it. Sure they get it wrong sometimes, but on the balance, they do it pretty well in my opinion.