VAT and Sales Tax while conceptually different, are the same for the end customer.
If an item is sold for $100 w/ a 16% sales tax the customer pays $116.
If an item is sold for $100 w/ a 16% VAT the customer still pays $116.
Who collects and pays govt. is irrelevant. End customer gets charged the same whether it's Sales Tax or VAT.
Your example is overly simplistic, and in that case VAT actually acts just like sales tax: in direct-to-customer (aka farm-to-market) sales. Supplier collects tax from customer, and supplier pays tax to government. But most goods have product chains, and that’s where VAT is significantly different from sales tax.
In your $116 example, let’s say there’s 4 steps involved in the chain:
1. Supplier
2. Manufacturer
3. Retailer
4. Customer
Your item costs the supplier $10 plus VAT 16%. The supplier charges the manufacturer $11.60, and pays $1.60 to the government.
The manufacturer then sells the item to the retailer for $58 (includes 16% VAT). But, the supplier already charged and collected $1.60 of that tax and paid it to the government, so the real portion of the VAT tax on the sale price is now $6.40 (the $1.60 became cost), which comes from the
added value that the manufacturer sold the item for to the retailer (16% of $40).
The retailer then sells the item to the end-customer for $116 (includes 16% VAT). But, the manufacturer already paid $6.40 to the government, and the supplier already paid $1.60 to the government, so the real portion of the VAT tax on the sale price is now $8 (the other $8 became cost), which comes from the
added value that the retailer sold the item for to the customer (16% of $50).
$1.60 + $6.40 + $8 = $16. Again, it’s called
value added tax for a reason, and the real tax portion of VAT to the end customer can be affected by how long the product chain is, to how much of a markup sellers are commanding. It’s also why the relative cost of goods are more expensive in VAT economies because those taxes become costs to businesses, for better or worse.
(Edited for clarity)