Having some experience with castings, forging and anodized parts the pits or voids seen are not caused by sweat or induced by a case. Those are most probably porosity breakouts from tiny bubbles in the metal. Edges would be particularly prone to this. A microscopic examination would provide definitive proof along with cross section cuts through affected areas. The other less likely cause is some failure in anodization process, although the pits look deeper than what the anodizing would go based on the limited pictures.
Pour temperature of initial castings, and the first casts are always rejected due to stabilization of molds, liquid aluminum temperature and any potential contaminant. Manufacturing stresses around drilled holes, and milled or ground surfaces will tend to cause these voids to break out more readily in those areas. Edges are particularly susceptible because there is no supporting metal on three quarters of surface when looking at it in cross section.
No question this is a manufacturing defect that got through quality control. These porosity voids can be just below the surface and not break out immediately. Therefore can get past inspection. As phone is handled the lack of material will cause the surface piece covering the void to break out. Unless you x-Ray every part, there is no way to detect these hidden defects. The lack of wide spread occurrence shows Apple has a hand on the process and excludes these defective early molds properly on each casting run.
These things will occur on a 70 million part production run. Neither Apple or the consumer is at fault here. It is the way physics and real world works regardless of marketing, lawyers, fanboys, or nay sayers. Since Apple exchanged the phone without even a second thought, the Apple system is working. The consumer is happy and further bellowing by non manufacturing experienced people on here is simply dogs howling at the moon.