The focus of Apple is making thin and light laptops for people in Starbucks rather than making laptops that actually performs good.
That is why Apple puts a more than 2 year old GPU that you find in $750 PC laptops because the machine has to look good rather than performing good.
I'd say they are a professional machine (it depends what your profession is, i use one as an IT professional, but that's because of the lack of windows headaches, battery life, portability, nothing to do with performance), but the caveat is that apple sells them as a multimedia powerhouse.
In 2018, they simply are not.
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No such thing as a 'professional machine'. A computer is simply a work tool. All tools are professionally used.
Of course there is. The definition may vary from person to person, but just like there are things such as professional quality cameras, kitchen equipment, etc. you can do the job with lesser gear.
Professional gear is generally more expensive (check) and generally gets the job done more quickly or easily or to a higher level of quality, or more comfortably (Or all of those things) to justify the price.
Depending on your field, the Macbook Pros still do that today. In my job for example, there's no way in hell i'd use a crappy $400 netbook with spinning disk, crap screen, 2-4 GB of RAM, etc. Because time is money and my Macbook Pro gets the job done faster, easier, and more comfortably.
But professional video workstation? Not so much any more.