Even though connecting the camera, starting up a VM, then disconnecting it, and shutting down the VM works, it always reverts to not working after logging out/restarting... although it sounds like if you remove it entirely, the problem goes away..
That is correct. If you totally remove VirtualBox from your hard drive, the camera problem definitely goes away, because you have deleted the VB kexts that are causing the problem.
It may be possible with time and patience to determine exactly which VB kext(s) is/are causing the problem, but as I said earlier, I did not go that route.
@matov
Please let us know for certain if the camera is still working after you reboot your machine, or after log out and back in again.
Thanks!