GM's problem is that they had too many of the same car and eventually were competing with themselves. It still is that way. By the end, Saturns were just rebranded Chevys (Malibu=Aura, Equinox= VUE). Buicks and GMCs are still rebranded Chevys.
GM's problem is that they have absolutely no sense of brand integrity. They think brands are just badges that you can slap on anything and still expect customers to remain loyal. If they owned Apple, they would stick the Apple badge on Dell PCs and try to peddle them as Macs. An Opel is a Saturn is a Vauxhall is a Holden. Most companies try to mask the rebranding by changing the exterior a little, but not GM, they just take the exact same car and slap different badges on them. When I grew up, "Chevrolet" was the mythical brand of the Corvette and awesome 50's cars like the '57 Bel Air. Fast forward a few decades and they're shamelessly slapping the Chevy badge on ugly, puny Daewoos that look like mailboxes on skateboards? How will that not tarnish the brand and diminish the perceived value of "real" Chevys like the Corvette?
Anyway, here's what went wrong with SAAB:
- There was *zero* effort made to establish SAAB on any other markets than Scandinavia, the UK and the US. In central and southern Europe, as well as Asia, barely anyone knows what a SAAB is. Also, in central and southern Europe everyone drives a diesel, and SAAB never offered a single diesel engine alternative (Volvo always offered plenty).
- It took f-o-r-e-v-e-r to get the new 9-5 out. It looks great and would probably have generated a boost in sales, but it was launched after the brand was declared dead. The old 9-5 looked really, well, old. It remained the same from 1997 to 2009, save for a couple of facelifts. Unacceptable.
- SAAB was never quite accepted by buyers of European premium cars like Audi and BMW, simply because SAAB was never a premium car to begin with. SAAB started out as a "people's car", as part of a post-WW2 effort to get everyone on wheels. Much like the VW Beetle, or the Citroën 2CV, it was small, inexpensive, minimalistic and featured some quirky and unusual solutions. It remained a people's car throughout the 60's, 70's and better part of the 80's, until some jackass decided that for no apparent reason, SAAB was now a premium car. Sorry, but farmers don't become royalty just because you stick a crown on them. Both Citroën and VW have tried to go premium -- Citroën did it by acquiring Maserati and starting to manufacture sporty luxury cars, VW did it with the "Phaeton" which was a massive flop. Citroën was in dire straits until they finally got back to their roots and made cheap, functional cars again. SAAB should have aimed for the VW/Ford slot, midrange with a slight hint of premium.
- GM prevented SAAB from making a Golf-class hatchback model (9-1) because Americans have some weird allergy to hatchbacks (something about an imagined association to being poor, I believe), they want sedans (because an ass sticking out of the hatchback makes you look rich?). In Europe, and especially on SAAB's home market in Scandinavia, people avoid sedans like the plague -- they want station wagons, liftbacks and hatchbacks. The liftback design (or 'combi coupé', as SAAB called them) was SAAB's niche, and it remained very popular until GM replaced it with the goddamn sedan.
- GM, in their trademark fashion, diluted the brand by slapping the SAAB badge on Chevys and Subarus. They were wise enough to never introduce these fake, bastard SAABs to the European market, but they sold them in the US which screwed up the brand image over there.
- SAAB took the wrong approach to the emerging treehugger trend. Instead of going with hybrids or frugal diesel engines they gambled everything on ethanol engines. Backlash galore.
Too expensive, poorly marketed globally, no 9-1, no liftback, aging designs, no SUV model (the 9-7X is not a real SAAB), wrong engines = death.