Except no, you are wrong. Such a version of iOS would only work on FUTURE uses of the device. Installing that version on the current phone would require wiping the device in the first place because of the security architecture of the iPhone, designed to prevent people from doing exactly what you are suggesting in order to access data. The whole point is to make it so no one can access the data without the passcode, even you (should you forget it).
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Yes, actually we do, its publicly available information. Its built in to the OS and the hardware of modern iOS devices. Its the whole point of the Secure Enclave.
There is actually software that allows you to re-install iOS onto a bricked iPhone (or stuck in infinite boot loop) without wiping the user data, called REIboot. I used it once to restore iOS onto my wife's iPhone 7 about a year ago, since she didn't have a recent backup (iOS got corrupted and stopped doing back ups to iCloud about a month before it went into infinite boot loop).
Theoretically, if Apple made and signed a version of iOS that allowed brute force attacks, and REIboot could install it, the data could be saved in the process. It would still not be unlocked, but it would be easier to brute force attack the phone.
However, I am against breaking the security on our phones or having back doors. I would not like to see this type of iOS get out in the wild, although if it did then Apple could unsign the firmware and it could only be installed on iPhones where the SHSH blobs for the individual iPhone had been saved while that version of iOS was still being signed.
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