Can you please look up your receipts and post if you were DCC'ed she using Apple Pay Overseas? DCC is dynamic currency conversion, where by local merchants convert currency to card currency without your explicit permission and sometimes skimming a few percentage points. It has become a menace for Visa and Mastercard users, but Amex does not allow this. If Apple Pay is able to block DCC, this would be hugely popular. In China Union pay has cut out Visa and Mastercard and Apple Pay in China has the potential to substantially increase the number f places where foreigners could use their credit cards. Most McDonald's restaurants in China (other than at big tourist hotspots) do not accept non Union Pay cards. Some do accept Discover, but not all.
Actually, it's only 0.15%, not 1%. Also, this is not ean additional fee. It's just the same fee as all credit card transactions. So it's no added burden to merchant or bank per transaction.
Another footnote on using it abroad. Many countries outside of US are already using 'chip and pin' cards. Some stores, esp those with higher potential fraud issues, like convenience stores will NOT accept simple magnetic stripe cards anymore. And some don't even accept 'chip and sign'. Only chip and pin. Which many U.S. Cards aren't capable of yet. (Even those with chips default to chip and sign, not pin) I learned this during my stay wheny wife tried to buy something with a card instead of her phone. BUT Apple Pay circumvents all of this. So using Apple Pay wasn't just more convenient in some cases, it made the transaction even possible.