Here is my story with my Macbook 15-inch mid-2015 with AMD M370X GPU:
I had Macbook Air 13-inch 2013 model, I used it for 3 years without any problem. Then I switched to Macbook Pro 15-inch (mid-2015). I thought a bigger and accurate colored retina would help my vision. I didn't know it is the start of the nightmare. In the beginning, my eyes didn’t feel so terrible, just feel a little bit uncomfortable. Then after more than one-year usage of MacBook pro 15′’, I found my eyes cannot focus well. So I went to the ophthalmologist to have the eye checked. The doctor told me my vision was then the same as before, but I had dry eye and strabismus (caused by the defect of eye muscles), but I never had this problem before, neither any of my relatives have the strabismus. I thought these symptoms are caused by my lens, maybe the pupil distance or pupil location didn't match my lens optical center. So I went to Lenscrafters to buy a new pair of glasses, they marked my pupils locations on the lens. With the new glass, I still felt my eyes can easily get tired and cannot easily focus at the retina display of the Macbook, I tried to reduce the brightness, enable dark mode, enable night shift, I even installed win10 by Bootcamp (I thought the bad readability could be caused by the fonts rendering of macOS, actually at the same resolution macOS fonts are smaller and low contrast comparing with Win 10, at least for Chinese characters.)
I went to ophthalmologist again to get my eyes checked, the doctor said my eyes’ muscle was fine, I didn’t have strabismus, and recommended me to have an anti-blue light coated lens, because blue lights can cause eye strain. I bought a new lens, still didn't help.
1, Try matte screen protector to reduce the reflection, but the protector downgrade the display a lot!
2, Another solution can relieve eye strain is changing 15.5 inch MacBook pro resolution to 1280*800, and enable “Increase contrast” (system preference-> accessibility ->Display), disable “Use font smoothing when available”. The technology developed a lot in the past decades, the 15.5 inch display default resolution increased from 1280*800 to 1680*1050, but human being’s eyes are almost the same (maybe even worse) after decades. The font rendering and default font size of Macbook make the readability very bad. But reducing the resolution and increase contrast can improve the overall readability and save your eyes.
3, I did more researches, I don’t know whether it is coincidence or not. The one I cannot focus and have eye stain - The screen/monitor of the MacBook Pro 15-inch mid-2015 has PWM for low brightness (maybe < 80% brightness). The ones I don’t have eye stain - MacBook Air 13 inch 2013 and iPad Pro 12.9 2018, both of them don’t have PWM screens. although the PWM frequency should be hundreds of kHz, which is pretty high frequency, and cannot easily noticed by human eyes. Maybe some people’s eyes are more sensitive to these PWM brightness changing.