Hi! Meteorology major here. We can predict the weather for your neighborhood for the next few days with (usually) pretty good accuracy. If you're not getting the accuracy you seek, perhaps it's a good idea to get weather information from a different source. For the United States, the National Weather Service, The Weather Channel, local broadcast media, Weather Underground, AccuWeather, Dark Sky, and many more exist.
Climate change is the result of relatively simple radiative processes in our atmosphere. Carbon dioxide traps and reemits solar radiation that enters our atmosphere. Other gases do this, too, and together they're called greenhouse gases. There are a lot of sources of greenhouse gases, and in moderation, they're a good thing! They're here to keep our temperatures from swinging hundreds of degrees Fahrenheit each day.
Of course, there can be too much of a good thing. Climate's changed before, sure, and we can look at previous climate change going back centuries or even millennia. But compared to previous climate changes, this one's happening really fast—far faster than any before it—and it starts right around the beginning of the 20th century.
It's tough not to tie this to the human-led Industrial Revolution, when we started pumping into the air factory exhaust and, soon afterward, car exhaust. Deforestation, which removes plants that absorb carbon dioxide and return oxygen, exacerbates the problem.
If you have an alternative explanation for why atmospheric carbon dioxide started jumping around the Industrial Revolution, and the global mean temperature began trending up to follow suit, but is not related to humans, I'd be interested to hear it.
As for what caused the end of the last Ice Age, it was a change in the composition of gases in our atmosphere—fittingly, an increase in carbon dioxide.
