Apologies if this has been posted already as haven't read all 13 pages of thread!
On my iPad 2 in iOS8, ALL of my bookmarks (which I have added to my homescreen) on my home screen are displaying like this:
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The bookmarks still work however, one thing is a little strange - the bookmarks which create a logo (like the Apple bookmark you can see), display correctly (as you can see by the Apple iOS8 bookmark and also 'The Next Web' bookmark icon), however, some of the other icons (I am presuming that these bookmarks do not create an icon but just create an image of the website itself), just do not display correctly?!
Can someone else try and create a bookmark on their iPad 2 and see if they get the same result?
Have you tried clicking on the icon to load the website? It should update once the website has been loaded.