apple has to establish businesses in the country where they operate. they have to pay corporate and payroll taxes there which are typically higher than in the US. they have different costs of compliance for legal, warranty expense (longer statutory warranty in europe than in US). when products are shipped there from the place of manufacture, there are different levels of tariffs.
and last but not least, the prices is driven by whatever the local consumers are willing to pay. apple do not hold exclusivity to some life-critical product. they sell consumers goods - a commodity. this makes them a price-taker, not a price-maker. meaning they don't hold absolute unilateral pricing power.
please, people, when you sell a good across different market, things are not as vanilla as the exchange rate.