It wouldn't surprise me if it would work something like this:
Or this:
Either something in iOS 11 changes with the status bar or maybe some new functionality will be introduced to fill up the screen parts next to the camera.
This wil not happen. The patent you are referring to is many years old and is just a theoretical solution. Just look how bad front facing cameras are right now and then try to imagine a screen in front of it. The tech is not ready for this yet. And even if it was, the screen part were the camera is would need to be able to turn transparent, so that part of the screen would be of a lower quality than the rest of the screen. It's not a solution for now or the next year sadly.