I have been really interested in this aspect of the new generation of fanless laptops. Fortunately, with my usage only being light, macbook only gets warm on the bottom when updating the system and big downloads. I suspect the heat spread across the bottom of the device will warm the batteries more than bigger fan based laptops, but whether this has any significant battery degradation is still to be seen. However, the iPad is similar in that it can warm up now and again and the battery is right beside the logic board, yet Ive never had any issues with the batteries (even an original iPad from 2011, still going strong)
Have to say, my previous rMBP and current Air hardly ever warm up at all (bottom plates always cool to touch).
Im currently on my 7th cycle and battery health is hovering around 95% (2 month old manufacture date). My Air is on 30 something cycles and is 12 months (manufacture date) old and is on ~95% also.
Some advice I keep hearing is
1) That its best to charge frequently and not to keep performing deep discharges (like 100 to 10 % 5 % etc). Only intentionally do a deep discharge every few months to keep the battery in calibration.
2) To not leave laptop plugged in all day every day.
3) To ensure batteries are not used, stored or charged at elevated temps (greater than 30oC ambient).
No need for calibration, you will only be consuming cycles needlessly. Lithium battery technology fairs better for longevity if you do avoid "deep discharging" the battery, equally dependent on usage it`s an inevitable factor. Nor is a portable continuously running on AC particularly good for the battery, as the electrons need to flow to keep the battery healthy.
As has been suggested by many; use the Notebook on the battery when you need to, don't fully discharge deliberately, and if your in the situation where your Notebooks more in the role of a desktop, let it run on the battery once or twice a month until the battery percentage reads 80%. As for temperature in practicality there is little you can do about it as much is related to ambient temperature, aside from elevating the rear of the Notebook.
Q-6